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The "conflict thesis" proposes that there is an intrinsic intellectual conflict between religion and science and that the relationship between religion and science inevitably leads to public hostility. Although the thesis still existed in popular imagination ,〔 〕 historians of science do not support the original form of the thesis,〔 〕 since it has been discredited.〔 〕〔 〕 == The historical conflict thesis == In the 1800s the relationship between science and religion became an actual formal topic of discourse, while before this no one had pitted science against religion or vice versa, though occasional interactions were expressed in the past. The scientist John William Draper and the writer Andrew Dickson White were the most influential exponents of the Conflict Thesis between religion and science. Draper had been the speaker in the British Association meeting of 1860 which led to the famous confrontation between Bishop Wilberforce and Huxley over Darwinism, and in America "the religious controversy over biological evolution reached its most critical stages in the late 1870s".〔 quoting Schlesinger. 〕 In the early 1870s Draper was invited to write a ''History of the Conflict between Religion and Science'' (1874), a book replying to contemporary issues in Roman Catholicism, such as the doctrine of papal infallibility, and mostly criticizing what he claimed to be anti-intellectualism in the Catholic tradition,〔Alexander, D (2001), ''Rebuilding the Matrix'', Lion Publishing, ISBN 0-7459-5116-3 (pg. 217)〕 but also making criticisms of Islam and of Protestantism.〔 "Averroes, in his old age - he died A. D. 1193 - was expelled from Spain; the religious party had triumphed over the philosophical. He was denounced as a traitor to religion. An opposition to philosophy had been organized all over the Mussulman world. There was hardly a philosopher who was not punished." (p142) "The two rival divisions of the Christian Church - Protestant and Catholic - were thus in accord on one point: to tolerate no science except such as they considered to be agreeable to the Scriptures." (p218) 〕 Draper's preface summarises the conflict thesis: In 1874 White published his thesis in Popular Science Monthly and in book form as ''The Warfare of Science'': In 1896, White published ''A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom'', the culmination of over thirty years of research and publication on the subject, criticizing what he saw as restrictive, dogmatic forms of Christianity. In the introduction, White emphasized that he arrived at his position after the difficulties of assisting Ezra Cornell in establishing a university without any official religious affiliation. James Joseph Walsh, M.D., the historian of medicine, criticized White's perspective as anti-historical in (''The Popes and Science; the History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time'' ) (1908),〔Fordam University Press, 1908, Kessinger Publishing, reprinted 2003. ISBN 0-7661-3646-9 Reviews: () ()〕 a book dedicated to Pope Pius X: In ''God and Nature'' (1986), David Lindberg and Ronald Numbers report that "White's ''Warfare'' apparently did not sell as briskly as Draper's ''Conflict'', but in the end it proved more influential, partly, it seems, because Draper's strident anti-Catholicism soon dated his work and because White's impressive documentation gave the appearance of sound scholarship".〔David C. Lindberg, Ronald L. Numbers, ''God & Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter Between Christianity and Science'', University of California Press (April 29, 1986)〕 During the 20th century, historians' acceptance of the Conflict Thesis declined until rejected in the 1970s, David B. Wilson notes: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「conflict thesis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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